IstanBul City GuiDe

stanbul Bosphorus, which forms a natu- Iral border between Asia and Europe and

 connects Black Sea with - od, in its last period only small agricultural and fisherman villages remained in guarded bays. Intensive settle- ment was prevented because of the unsafe atmosphere and inclined slopes that limits the coastline. Anatolian and Rumeli Fortress which were built by Ottoman Empire in order to control the strategic class formed by the governing class prefers importance of Bosphorus, gave Turks the to come here mostly in summer, but the vil chance to settle around before.

The population density which started to increase in 16th century, due to the increase of well-endowed classes interest and reco struction activities, grazed from its rural,

prefers importance of Bosphorus, gave Turks the to come here mostly in summer, but the vil chance to settle around before the conquest. lages formed by lower classes were res identity. Bosphorus lived.

dential areas both in summer and in winter. Rameli (European) Side was like a summer resort starting from the waterside palace of the Sultan on Beşiktaş, waterside palaces of the women members of the dynasty and high level governor agents on Ortaköy- Karuçeşme, mansions of governor agents descended from Byzantine bloodline on Anavutköy and summerhouses of ambassa- dors and mansions of foreigners on Tarabya-Büyükdere. On the Asian (Anatolian) Side there were rare settlements of lower level officials. Emigration move- ment to Istanbul that started from 1950s. provided a natural increase in the population of the Bosphorus.

Large forest areas are turned into residen- tial areas. Some waterside mansions were demolished due to the expansion of the coastline and construction of new roads, then new buildings were constructed on their gardens. High parts of the hillside were expanded by settlements of villas. Fish restaurants, cafes and parks on the coastline of both sides are places where visitors can enjoy themselves.

can see the information about how to go to Yasm from the Historical Peninsula on the pan (page 2). Although the Nostalgie hallway offers service between the Taksim Square the Tunnel, you should prefer walking. The pub bases departing from the Taksim Square have rvices to a wide range of directions. Set the general Transport part (page 191) for the bus vices departing from there. Let explain you shortly how to go y directions from Taksim

Tünel-Karakay: You can get to Karaköy in two or three minutes through the Tunnel that connects the Tünel (annel) Square and Karaköy Tünel-Karakoy walking path: You can walk to Karakoy along the Galip Dede Avenue that is con nected to the Tunnel Square. You can also visit the

Galata Mevlevi Lodge and Galata Tower on that

avenue.

Saksim-4. Levent: The Taksim Lesent subway line at the Square reaches at 4. Levent in ach a short time like 15 minutes. There are the Large Shopping Centers of Istanbul on the route of the subway line

Taksim-Dolmabahçe Palace: If you want to go to the Dolmabahçe Palice from Taksim, you can use the Takam Kabatay funicular sys-- tox The Palace is just ahead of the Kubara stop. You can also get the Dolmabahçe Palace after a short walk from the front of Atatürk Kültür Merkezi (Atatürk Canal Center) through the Inonu Avenue

Funicular system of Taksim-Kabatas line.

Taksim-Bosphorus line: If you wish to see the Bosphorus, you can prefer the buses departing from Taksim Square. If you are near the Dolmabahçe Palace, you can use the public buses that depart Im Kahutas bus stops and go towards that direc

Taksim-Sultanahmet: Use the

Kabatay Zeynburnu tramway line. Get on the tramway either at the Kabatas or Karakoy tramway stops.

Takvim-Kahatay: You can get to Kabatas in two- the minutes by the funicular system that connects the Taksim Square and Kabataş

Karaköy-Tophane: After the tramway line the walking path between Karakoy and Tophane is short. You can see Kaliç Ali Pasha Mosque and Nusretiye Mosque. You can prefer getting on the tramway at Karakoy and get off at Tophane one stop later.

Galatasaray Square-Tophame: You can get to Kil Ali Pasha Mosque by walking through the Yen Cars Avenue Galatasaray Hi Galatasaray Squ

Avenue from Topham

Karaköy-Kadıköy Them from the pier in Karaköy in so

From Kabatas to Üsküdar Maiden Tes

are frequent ferry boat services to Cult Maiden Tower (Kiz Kulesis from Kabatas. The boat services from Kabaty to Adalar da Kadiköy are less frequent.

From Beşiktay to Kadiköy-Üsküdar: There are

ferry bout services from Beyktay ts Kakey and Cskar in short intervals. The Begik Kayaks ferry bouts, and the ferry boats on Roger Ham (Bosphorus Line), which go to different piers, go to Beşiktaş as well. You can have the complimentary booklets of IDO (Istanbul Seabuses and Fast Ferries Inc Javailable.